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Sunday, October 14, 2007
Wednesday, August 15, 2007
Facts from Guinness Book of Records [ Part 2 ]
10. The biggest leap riding on a lion.
The biggest leap riding on a lion to a distance of 2.3 m. Askold committed and Edgar Zapashnye (both Russian) - Russian State Circus performers, the circus scene Perm July 28, 2006 
11. The largest number of concrete blocks, broken karatistom one minute.
Ninety concrete blocks for one minute broke his arm Norwegian Narve Laeret on televisions transfer "Senkveld" television TV2 on November 9, 2006 in Oslo.
12. The largest number of snakes gremuchih held in his mouth. 
American Jackie Bibby (Jackie Bibby) was able to hold in his mouth without assistance 10 gremuchih snake tails for a period of 10 seconds on the Day Guinness World Records on November 9, 2006
13. The largest number of needles in the head. 
One 1,790 needles for acupuncture was votknuto in the head and face Shengchu Chinese Wei (Wei Shengchu) on March 23, 2004 in the city of Nanning, China.
14. The longest fingernails on both hands. 
Nelvin Feyzel Booz (Nelvin Feizel Boothe) from the city of Pontiac, Michigan, not strig nails 25 years, bringing the total length of 1910 amounted to 931 nails see
15. The strongest vypuchivanie eye. 
Kim Gudmen the United States can vypuchit eye of the eye of 11 mm. This fact was recorded in the television show "Guinness World records : Praymtaym" June 13, 1998
16. Smallest and most of the living horses. 
On July 7, 2006 the smallest of the living horses were Tambelina (Thumbelina) , miniature mare, whose growth was 44.5 Bobcats see Her owners, Kay and Paul Gesling (Kay and Paul Goessling) live on a farm in Goose Creek the city of St. Louis, Missouri. Growth Radar (Radar) - Belgian upryazhnoy horses, has been measured with Horseshoe on July 27, 2004 and amounted to 202 see Radar owned firms Priefert Manufacturing Inc. city of Mount Pleasant, Texas. Both horses are brought together for a photo in the Guinness Book of September 3, 2006
17. The biggest pick-up. 
Height truck Bigfoot 5 is 4.7 m height tires-3 pm-weight 17,236 kg. This is one of the 17 pickups such established Bob Chandler (Bob Chandler) from the city of St. Louis, Missouri. It was built during the summer of 1986, he is now permanently berthed in the city of St. Louis and occasionally appear on the local festivities.
18. The most hirsute men. 
Victor "Larry" Ramos Gomez (Victor "Larry" Ramos Gomez), pictured in the photos, and Gabriel "Danny" Gomez (Gabriel "Danny" Gomez) (both from Mexico) belong to one family, consisting of 19 members, has five generations which are rare disease known as a common congenital Ray, and characterized by excessive hair on the face and Volvo. Traits cover women's family can be described as a light or average, while 98% of men covered with thick body hair, except for the hands and feet.
19. 's Longest jet of milk produced from the eye. 
Ilker Yilmaz (Ilker Yilmaz) from Turkey issued a strict eye milk 279.5 see Record was recorded on September 1, 2004 at the Hotel Armada Hotel in Istanbul, Turkey.
Facts from Guinness Book of Records [ Part 1 ]
1. Highest walk on air balloon. 
Mike Howard (Mike Howard) from Britain walked the beam that can extend between two balloons at an altitude of 6522 m. near the city Yovil, County Somersetshir, UK, September 1, 2004 This feat was captured on videotape for the television show "Guinness records : 50 years, 50 of Records."
2. The most stretchable skin. 
Harry Turner (Garry Turner) from Britain could spread to the abdominal skin to see 15,8 This is due to a rare disease known as syndrome Elersa- Danlosa violation connective tissue, affecting the skin, ligaments and internal organs. Collagen, strengthens skin, and is responsible for its elasticity, damaged, which, among other things, is the weakening of the skin and joints razboltannost. In more severe cases, this can result in the destruction or rupture of blood vessels, leading to death.
3. The longest dog ears. . 
The longest dog ears and see the size 34,9 34,2 cm-right and left, respectively, measured on September 29, 2004 They belong Tiggeru (Tigger), Jr., whose owners Brian and Christine Flessner (Bryan and Christina Flessner) lived in the city of St. Joseph, Illinois.
4. The highest paid attraction in slow decline. 
The highest attraction slow fall called "Sky Jump" (Leap from the sky) and is located in the tower and entertainment center crossovers Macau. Fall begins with a 61-level towers at a height of 233 m. over land, and continues for 17-20 seconds. Solemn leap committed A. J. Hackett (A. J. Hackett) from New Zealand on August 17, 2005
5. The heaviest apple. 
The heaviest weighing 1,849 kg apple. Chisato raised Iwasaki (Chisato Iwasaki) for its apple farm in the town of Hirosaki (Hirosaki), Japan, which was thwarted by October 24, 2005
6. An old man, who committed lowering a rope. 
The oldest person spustivshimsya a rope from a height of more than 30 metres. a britanka Doris Long (Doris Long), which on June 10, 2006 has descend from the building Millgate House-60 m. from the roof to the ground, at the age of 92 years and 24 days (she was born on May 18, 1914). The building is located in an area of St. George in the city of Portsmouth, England.
7. The biggest hamburger, which can be bought. 
The biggest hamburger weighing 35.6 kg. included in the menu bar grill Bob's BBQ & Grill on the beach in Pattaya, Thailand on July 31, 2006
8. The largest mirror ball. 
The largest mirror ball is 5.01 m. in diameter. Imaginate Events. His boat Nigel Burrows (Nigel Burrows) from the company Imaginate Events. Shaer was demonstrated in the city of Reading, England, October 13, 2006
9. The quickest office. 
The quickest office is a table specially equipped to ride on the roads, and moving with a maximum speed of 140 km / h. His boat Briton Edd China (Edd China), and he also has held across Westminster Bridge in London on November 6, 2006 on the Day Guinness World Records.
Sunday, August 5, 2007
Microsoft Windows Keyboard Guide
October 17, 1996
This document presents basic keyboard navigation for Microsoft(R)
Windows(R) 95 and Microsoft Windows NT(R) 4.0. For general Windows
concepts and descriptions of the interface, consult online Help or the
documentation supplied with your operating system. Developers may also
find The Windows Interface Guidelines for Software Design by Microsoft
Press to be useful.
This document describes conventions that are supported by most
applications designed for Windows 95 or Windows NT. However, different
applications and different contexts do vary slightly. Also, while we
recommend that applications generate a warning sound when unsupported
keystrokes are used, many do not.
Windows 95 and Windows NT 4.0 provide Accessibility Options that can
make typing easier for people who have difficulty using the keyboard or
pressing more than one key at a time. Consult online Help for details.
1. General Windows Keys
The following keys work throughout Microsoft Windows.
Action: Displays Help information for the active object or the window as
a whole.
Keys: Windows logo key or CTRL+ESC
Action: Opens the Start menu located on the taskbar.
Keys: CTRL+ALT+DELETE
Action: In Microsoft Windows 95, opens the Close Program dialog box that
contains a list box of applications to be closed and command buttons for
Ending Task, Shutting Down, and Cancel.
In Microsoft Windows NT, opens the Windows NT Security dialog box, with
the following options: Lock Workstation, Logoff, Shut Down, Change
Password, Task Manager, and Cancel. If you are not logged on, brings up
the logon dialog box.
Keys: DELETE
Action: Deletes the selected item(s). If the items are files, moves them
to the Recycle Bin.
Keys: DELETE+SHIFT
Action: Delete the selected item(s). If the items are files, destroys
them immediately without moving them to the Recycle Bin.
Keys: CTRL+N
Action: Opens the New dialog box. (This can also be opened from the File
menu.)
Keys: CTRL+O
Action: Opens the Open dialog box. (This can also be opened from the
File menu.)
Keys: CTRL+P
Action: Opens the Print dialog box. (This can also be opened from the
File menu.)
Keys: CTRL+S
Action: Opens the Save dialog box. (This can also be opened from the
File menu.)
Keys: CTRL+X
Action: Cuts the selected item(s) to the clipboard. (This can also be
opened from the Edit menu.)
Keys: CTRL+INSERT OR CTRL+C
Action: Copies the selected item(s) to the clipboard. (This can also be
opened from the Edit menu.)
Keys: SHIFT+INSERT OR CTRL+V
Action: Pastes the copied items(s) from the clipboard. (This can also be
opened from the Edit menu.)
Keys: ALT+BACKSPACE OR CTRL+Z
Action: Undoes the last action. Note that not all actions, such as
shutting down, can be undone. (This can also be opened from the Edit
menu.)
Keys: ALT+SHIFT+BACKSPACE
Action: Redoes the previously undone action. (This can also be opened
from the Edit menu.)
Keys: Windows logo key+M
Action: Minimizes all open windows. The keyboard focus goes to the least
recently selected icon on the desktop. Add SHIFT to expand previously
opened windows and return focus to the most recently used application.
Keys: Windows logo key+E
Action: Opens the Windows Explorer. (This can also be opened from the
Program item in the Start menu.)
Keys: Windows logo key+F
Action: Opens the Find: All Files dialog box. (This can also be opened
from the Find item in the Start menu.)
Keys: Windows logo key+R
Action: Opens the Run dialog box. (This can also be opened from the Run
item in the Start menu.)
Keys: Windows logo key+BREAK
Action: Opens the System Properties dialog box. (This can also be opened
from the Systems item in Control Panel.)
Keys: Windows logo key+CTRL+F
Action: Opens the Find Computer dialog box. (This can also be opened
from the Find item in the Start menu.)
Keys: Windows logo key+number
Action: Reserved for use by computer manufacturers.
Keys: SHIFT+F10 or Application key (also the right mouse click)
Action: Opens the shortcut menu for the active item. This can be
selected text, a toolbar button, a taskbar button, or other item.
Keys: SHIFT
Action: Press down and hold the SHIFT key while you insert a CD-ROM to
bypass the AutoPlay feature. Hold down the SHIFT key while Microsoft Word
is loading to suppress the AutoExec macro.
2. Selecting Items by Access Key or by Name
Most dialog box controls, menu titles, and menu items have underlined
access keys. You can press ALT along with the access key to activate the
control or menu anywhere within the active window. If an item doesn't
have an underlined character, its access key is the first character in
its name.
Access keys can sometimes be used without the ALT key for choosing
controls or menu items. Use access keys without ALT to select items from
an open menu. You can choose a dialog box control by typing its access
key alone, except when the focus is on an edit box, a list box, or
another control that expects typed characters. Therefore, using the ALT
is a more reliable method.
Choosing controls in this way normally activates them, except when more
than one item has the same access key. In that case, it will navigate to
the next item assigned that key, but will not activate it. You must then
press ENTER to activate it.
Within a list box, list view, tree view, or on the desktop, you can
select an item by typing the first one or more characters in its name.
You can begin typing a new name by pausing, and in some cases by
pressing BACKSPACE. Pressing the same character more than once at the
beginning of a name will select the next item beginning with that
character.
3. Desktop and Taskbar Navigation Keys
Depending on your setup, various items appear on your desktop when you
start Microsoft Windows. For example, the My Computer icon provides
access to a list of the drives and files on your computer. You can use
the ARROW KEYS to move from one icon to another, or you can select items
by typing their names.
By default, the Start button and the taskbar are located at the bottom
of your screen when you start Windows and are always visible when
Windows is running. Every time you start a program or open a window, a
button representing that window appears on the taskbar. When you close a
window, its button disappears from the taskbar. The taskbar it has
status indicators, including the time, shown at the rightmost end.
Keys: Windows logo key+M
Action: Minimizes all open windows. The keyboard focus goes to the most
recently selected icon on the desktop. Add SHIFT to expand previously
opened windows and return focus to the most recently used application.
Keys: ARROW KEY
Action: Selects the adjacent icon or taskbar button in the direction of
the arrow.
Keys: Any printing character
Action: Selects the next icon with the specified name or initial letter.
Keys: Windows logo key or CTRL+ESC
Action: Opens the Start menu from the taskbar. Press ESC again to place
the keyboard focus on the Start button.
Keys: TAB
Action: Moves between the last selected icon on the desktop, the Start
button on the taskbar, and the taskbar as a whole. There is no visual
indication of the focus on the taskbar, but you can use the ARROW KEYS to
move between the taskbar buttons. You can also use SHIFT+F10 to bring up
the shortcut menu for the taskbar.
Keys: Windows logo key+TAB
Action: Cycles through the taskbar buttons.
Keys: F2
Action: Rename a selected item. A bold rectangle appears around the
title creating a text box. Type the new name and press ENTER. Press ESC to
cancel. Some icons on the desktop cannot be renamed.
Keys: F3
Action: Opens the Find: All files dialog box.
It is often easier to use the Windows Explorer to manipulate objects
that are on the desktop and in My Computer. The desktop is treated as
the highest level directory on your computer in Windows Explorer, above
the My Computer icon. Using the real desktop is often inconvenient
because you have to minimize all other windows to be able to see it, but
you can easily switch between Windows Explorer displaying the desktop
group and any other application windows.
Like the desktop, one normally doesn't need to use the task bar except
for the Start menu which can be accessed at all times by CTRL+ESC. The
following section describes keystrokes for switching between windows
that can be used in place of the taskbar buttons.
4. Window manipulation keys
Application windows contain running applications. At the top of the
window is a title bar with the name of the application and the
associated document. The title bar of the window you are currently using
is usually a different color than those of the inactive windows. The
application's menu bar is located directly below the title bar.
Application windows can be positioned anywhere within the desktop
borders. Since the active window always appears in the foreground it
might overlap inactive windows, partially or completely obscuring them.
Windows can be arranged on the desktop through the taskbar shortcut
menu. To reach this menu, use this sequence of keys: CTRL+ESC, ESC, TAB,
SHIFT+F10. The following options are on the shortcut menu and may be
reached using ARROW KEYS or the underlined keys: Cascade, Tile
Horizontally, Tile Vertically, Minimize all, Undo minimize all,
Properties.
To move a window, choose the Move command from the leftmost icon on the
title bar. Use ARROW KEYS to move the window, followed by ENTER to accept
or ESC to cancel. To resize a window, choose the Size command then use
an ARROW KEY to choose which window border you want to move, then move it
with the appropriate ARROW KEYS, finally ending with ENTER to accept or ESC
to cancel
Keys: ALT+F4
Action: Closes the active application window. (This can also be opened
from the Program menu of the active application.)
Keys: ALT+SPACE
Action: Opens the Program menu from the leftmost icon on the title bar
of the active window. The Program menu typically contains the following
commands: Restore, Move, Size, Minimize, Maximize and Close.
Keys: ALT+TAB
Action: Switches to the most recently used application window. To select
an application from a list, continue to hold ALT down and press TAB more
than once to move through the list. Add SHIFT to reverse direction
through the list.
Keys: ALT+ESC
Action: Switches keyboard focus to next application window, including
minimized windows on the taskbar. Press ESC more than once to switch
through successive windows and add SHIFT to reverse the direction.
Keys: ALT+ENTER
Action: Switches a MS DOS-based application between full-screen and
windowed modes.
Keys: PRINT SCREEN
Action: Copies an image of the screen to the clipboard.
Keys: ALT+PRINT SCREEN
Action: Copies an image of the active window to the clipboard.
Applications can have multiple document windows. Document windows appear
within the applications windows, and like application windows may tile
or overlap. Document windows have their own title bars unless they are
maximized. When maximized, they fill the application workspace and share
the application window's title bar and the document name is included
with the name of the application on a shared title bar. The document
window's document icon is added to the application menu bar on the far
left. For example, in Microsoft Word the title bar says "Microsoft Word
- Name of Document" when the document window is maximized. Commands that
affect the application window affect the document window as well.
Keys: CTRL+F4
Action: Closes the active document window.
Keys: CTRL+F6
Action: Switches to next document window in the active application. Add
SHIFT to switch to the previous document window.
Keys: ALT+HYPHEN
Action: Opens the Document menu from the leftmost icon on the title bar
of the active document window. The Document menu typically contains the
following commands: Restore, Move, Size, Minimize, Maximize and Close.
For some applications, the application and document windows can be
divided into two or more separate viewing areas called panes. This is
useful when moving or copying information from one document to another
or from one part of a document to another. Panes are also used when
viewing both the body of the documents and the footnotes or annotations.
To split a window into two panes, open the Window menu and choose the
Split command. The Split Bar appears in the middle of the window with
the keyboard focus indicated by arrows. Move the split bar to the
desired location using the ARROW KEYS. Press ENTER to set the split bar in
the desired location. Use F6 or TAB to move between panes in a clockwise
direction; add SHIFT to reverse direction.
5. Menu commands
Applications frequently include commands that are listed in menus. Menus
are represented by names on a menu bar at the top of each application
window. In Microsoft Windows, you select a menu, and then choose a
command from that menu. Choosing the command initiates the action. An
ellipsis (...) after the menu indicates that a dialog box will appear
after the command is chosen to ask for information that the application
needs to carry out the command.
Keys: Windows logo key or CTRL+ESC
Action: Opens the Start menu on the taskbar.
Keys: F10 or ALT
Action: Activates the menu bar of the active window. The leftmost menu
name is selected. (When you have a maximized document window, the
leftmost menu has an icon instead of a name and there is no visual
indication that it is selected.) Press F10 or ALT again to toggle the
focus back to where it was previously.
Keys: LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROW
Action: Moves the focus between menus on the menu bar in the direction
of the arrow. If the original menu was open, the target menu will be
opened and the focus on the first item.
Keys: UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW
Action: Opens the selected menu. DOWN ARROW selects the next command in
the list. UP ARROW selects the previous command in the list.
Keys: ENTER
Action: Opens the selected menu when focus is on the menu title, but it
activates a menu item when focus is on a menu item. If the selected menu
item is unavailable, ENTER closes the menu.
Keys: ALT+SPACE
Action: Opens the Program menu from the leftmost icon on the title bar
of the active window. The Program menu typically contains the following
commands: Restore, Move, Size, Minimize, Maximize and Close.
Keys: ALT+HYPHEN
Action: Opens the Document menu from the leftmost icon on the title bar
if the active document window. The Document menu typically contains the
following commands: Restore, Move, Size, Minimize, Maximize and Close.
Keys: ESC
Action: Closes an open menu and moves the focus back to the parent menu
if there is one. Otherwise it returns the focus to the menu title. If
the focus was already on the menu title, focus moves back to wherever it
was before activating the menu bar.
Keys: ALT+Any printing character
Action: Chooses the menu with the underlined character (access key) on
the main menu bar.
Keys: Any printing character
Action: Chooses the command with the underlined character (access key)
on an open menu.
Keys: SHIFT+F10 or Application key (also the right mouse click)
Action: Opens the shortcut menu for the active item. This can be
selected text, a toolbar button, a taskbar button, or other item.
6. Windows Explorer keys
The Windows Explorer displays the contents of a computer, drive or
directory. The Windows logo key+E opens the Windows Explorer at any
time, and it can also be started from Programs on the Start menu. It
normally has two panes, the left pane showing a tree view of your
folders, and the right pane showing the contents of one folder.
Windows Explorer can also show a single-pane, without the tree view. In
this case it normally hides the toolbar unless you explicitly turn it on
using the View menu. The same information is can be accessed using the
My Computer icon from the desktop, and in the standard Open and Save As
dialog boxes.
In the View menu offers a choice of icon displays. The Large Icons view
displays the contents of a drive or directory as large icons in
horizontal rows. The Small Icons view displays the same information in
small icons in horizontal rows. The List menu item displays directories
and files as small icons in vertical columns. The Details view displays
files as a single column of icons with multiple columns of information
about each file.
Files and folders can be moved or copied by using the Cut, Copy, and
Paste commands from the Edit menu or by shortcut keys. Moving a program
icon does not change the performance of the program. Deleting a program
icon does not delete all the files associated with the program, so
install or delete programs using the Add/Remove Programs option in
Control Panel.
6.1 View Control Keys
Keys: ARROW KEYS
Action: Select the next item in the indicated direction. Add SHIFT to
select or deselect additional items. Add CTRL to move to the item without
selecting it. In Details View there is only one column so RIGHT and LEFT
ARROW scrolls the window a small amount to the right or left. In List
View the UP and DOWN ARROW keys wrap between columns.
Keys: PAGE UP or PAGE DOWN
Action: Moves to the bottom or top item on the screen. Use a second time
to select the item one screen above or below. Add SHIFT to select
additional items. Add CTRL to move to the item without selecting it.
Keys: HOME or END
Action: Selects the first or last item in the list. Add SHIFT to select
or deselect additional items. Add CTRL to move to the item without
selecting it.
Keys: Any printing character
Action: Selects the next icon with the specified name or initial letter.
SPACE behaves this way when it is typed as part of a name.
Keys: ENTER
Action: Opens the selected item. This may open a new window, depending
on the options you have selected. (This can also be opened from the File
menu.)
Keys: BACKSPACE
Action: Displays the contents of the parent directory. This may open a
new window, depending on the options you have selected.
Keys: SPACE
Action: When typed alone, selects the current item if it is not already
selected. Use after moving with the CTRL key to select separate groups
of items.
Keys: CTRL+SPACE
Action: Selects or deselects the current item. Use after moving with the
CTRL key to select separate groups of items.
Keys: SHIFT+SPACE
Action: Extends the selection to the current item. If you have already
selected more than one item, it selects only the items from the first
item you selected to the current item.
Keys: CTRL+Z
Action: Undoes the last action. Some actions cannot be undone. (This can
also be opened from the Edit menu.)
Keys: CTRL+X
Action: Cuts the selected item(s) to the clipboard. (This can also be
opened from the Edit menu.)
Keys: CTRL+C
Action: Copies the selected item(s) to clipboard. (This can also be
opened from the Edit menu.)
Keys: CTRL+V
Action: Pastes the copied item(s) from clipboard. (This can also be
opened from the Edit menu.)
Keys: CTRL+A
Action: Selects all the items in the current window. (This can also be
opened from the Edit menu.)
Keys: CTRL+G
Action: Opens Go To Folder dialogue. (This can also be opened from the
Tools menu).
Keys: CTRL+F or F3
Action: Opens Find: All Files dialog box. (This can also be opened from
the Tools menu).
Keys: DELETE
Action: Deletes the selected item(s) to the Recycle Bin. (This can also
be opened from the File menu.)
Keys: SHIFT+DELETE
Action: Delete the selected item(s) immediately without moving the
item(s) to the Recycle Bin.
Keys: ALT+ENTER
Action: Displays the properties of the selected item. (This can also be
opened from the Files menu.)
Keys: F2
Action: Renames a selected item. A bold rectangle appears around the
item. Type the new name and press ENTER. Press ESC to cancel. (This can
also be opened from the File menu.)
Keys: F4
Action: Opens the drop-down list box on the toolbar. Pressing F4 again
moves the keyboard focus back to the previously used item..
Keys: F5
Action: Refreshes the current window. (This can also be opened from the
View menu.)
Keys: F6 or TAB
Action: Switches between panes and the toolbar.
6.2 Tree View Control Keys
Tree views display a set of objects as an indented outline based on
their hierarchical relationships. For example, the All Folders pane in
the Windows Explorer is a tree view. Files and folders can be moved or
copied in tree view by using the Cut, Copy, and Paste commands. Tree
view only supports single selection of items.
Keys: RIGHT ARROW
Action: Opens a branch, or selects the first item in the branch.
Keys: LEFT ARROW
Action: Closes a branch, or selects the parent of the current item.
Keys: ASTERISK (on the numeric keypad)
Action: Expands everything under the current selection.
Keys: MINUS SIGN (on the numeric keypad)
Action: Closes everything under the current selection.
Keys: PLUS SIGN (on the numeric keypad)
Action: Expands everything under the current selection back to a
previously opened state, or opens only one level if it has not
previously been opened.
Keys: UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW
Action: Selects the next visible object above or below.
Keys: PAGE UP or PAGE DOWN
Action: Moves to the top or bottom item on the screen. Use a second time
to move up or down one screen.
Keys: HOME or END
Action: Selects the first or last item on the tree.
Keys: Any printing character
Action: Selects the next icon with the specified name or initial letter.
Repeating the character selects successive items beginning with the same
character.
Keys: BACKSPACE
Action: Chooses the parent directory
7. Dialog Boxes
A dialog box is a window that appears temporarily on top of your
application window to request information. Message boxes are simple
dialog boxes that appear to display additional information, warnings, or
to explain why a requested task could not be accomplished. Dialog boxes
often contain groups of controls necessary to set options or settings
for programs. A typical dialog box might contain some text, a set of
radio buttons, and OK and Cancel push buttons.
Controls that have an access key in their titles can be selected or
chosen by typing ALT+the underlined letter at any time when the dialog
box is active. TAB will move the keyboard focus between controls, but
which items are visited by TAB and their order may vary between
applications. Typically, items that cannot be changed are not visited by
the TAB key. ARROW KEYS are used to move within a list box, groups of
option controls, or groups of page tabs. ARROW KEYS can move the keyboard
focus between other controls but this behavior is not reliable. Options
that are unavailable appear dimmed and cannot be selected.
While the controls described here are typically found on dialog boxes,
they can also occur in other contexts.
Command buttons (also known as push buttons) initiate an immediate
action. One command button in each dialog box carries out the command
you choose, using the information supplied in the dialog box. This is
normally labeled "OK". Other command buttons let you cancel the command
or choose from additional options.
Command buttons marked with an ellipsis (...) open another dialog box so
you can provide more information or confirm an action. Command buttons
marked with a pair of greater-than symbols (>>) expand the current
dialog box to show more controls. Command buttons marked with an arrow
display a menu.
The default button is initially indicated by a dark border. Press ENTER
at any time to choose the button with a dark border. Use TAB to move the
keyboard focus to the next control, and add SHIFT to reverse the
direction. When you move the keyboard focus to a command button it
temporarily takes the dark border, but when the keyboard focus is not on
a command button the dark border returns to the default button. Press
SPACE to choose the command button you selected with TAB. Use ESC to
immediately choose the Cancel button if there is one. Typing the access
key for a push button will immediately carry out the command.
Check boxes may be selected or cleared to turn on or off an option.
Check boxes may have two states (checked and unchecked) or three states
(checked, unchecked, and indeterminate). Check boxes are often displayed
in sets of related options, for example in setting Font Effects in
Microsoft Word the check boxes offer Strikethrough, Superscript,
Subscript, Hidden, Small caps, and All caps.
Use TAB to move between boxes and SPACE to change the check box
to the next state. Typing the access key for a check box will also move
the focus to the box and change its state.
Option controls (also known as radio buttons) are used to select only
one option from a group of options. (Like check boxes, option buttons
may represent two or three states.) Use the ARROW KEYS to select the next
or previous buttons within the group. In some applications, you can add
CTRL to move to the button without selecting it, then use SPACE to choose
the currently selected option button. Typing the access key for an
option control will also move the focus to the control and select it.
Tabbed pages are used to fit many options into a single dialog box. They
appear visually similar to dividers from a notebook. Each page contains
separate groups of controls such as check boxes or option controls. Use
TAB to move the focus to the tab for the currently visible page. Typing
the access key for a page tab will also move the focus to the tab and
display its page.
Keys: CTRL+PAGE DOWN or CTRL+TAB
Action: Switches to the next tab and displays the page.
Keys: CTRL+PAGE UP or CTRL+SHIFT+TAB
Action: Switches to the previous tab and displays the page.
Keys: RIGHT ARROW or LEFT ARROW
Action: When the focus is on a tab selector, chooses the next or
previous tab in the current row and displays the page.
Keys: DOWN ARROW OR UP ARROW
Action: Chooses the tab in the next or previous row and displays the
page.
Sliders appear as an indicator on a vertical or horizontal gauge. The
slider both displays and sets a value from a continuous range, such as
speed, brightness, or volume. Use TAB or the appropriate access key to
move the focus to the slider.
Keys: RIGHT ARROW or DOWN ARROW
Action: Selects the next higher setting.
Keys: LEFT ARROW or UP ARROW
Action: Selects the next lower setting.
Keys: HOME or END
Action: Selects the lowest or highest setting.
Keys: PAGE DOWN
Action: Selects a somewhat lower or higher setting depending on the
application. (This is the equivalent of pressing an ARROW key many
times.)
Keys: PAGE UP
Action: Moves in the reverse of the PAGE DOWN.
Spin boxes appear as a text box with up and down arrows used to select
from a list of fixed values. Use TAB to move the keyboard focus to the
text box, then enter a valid value in the box or use the UP ARROW or DOWN
ARROW keys to select the next higher or lower values.
List boxes display a column of available choices. If there are more
choices than can fit in the open list box, moving the selection through
the list will cause more choices to scroll into view. Use TAB or type
the appropriate access key to move the focus to the list box.
Single selection list boxes allow only one item to be selected from the
list at a time. Items are selected when navigating to them, and moving
to a second item will automatically deselect all other items.
Drop-down list boxes show only the selected item. There is a small
button to the right of the control that shows a downward-pointing arrow.
This displays more items from the list box while you make your
selection. You can also show or hide the list using ALT+DOWN ARROW, ALT+UP
ARROW, or F4. In all other respects it behaves like a normal single-
selection list box.
Extended selection list boxes support selecting single items, blocks of
items, or combinations of the two. After selecting an item as in a
single-selection list box, hold down SHIFT+Navigation keys to select or
deselect more items.
Multiple selection list boxes typically have comparatively long lists
and more of these items are expected to be chosen individually (not in
blocks). Navigating to items does not automatically select them nor does
selecting an item change the status of other selections. Press SPACE to
select or deselect an item.
Combo-boxes and drop-down combo boxes are list boxes with attached edit
boxes. You can make your selection by either typing in the edit box or
using the standard commands to select from the list.
Keys: UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW
Action: Selects the previous or next item. In an extended selection list
box, add SHIFT to select additional items and add CTRL to move to an item
without selecting it. In an multiple selection list box, moves without
changing the selection.
Keys: PAGE UP or PAGE DOWN
Action: Selects the item up or down one screen. In an extended selection
list box, add SHIFT to select additional items and add CTRL to move to an
item without selecting it. In an multiple selection list box, moves
without changing the selection.
Keys: HOME OR END
Action: Selects the first or last item in the list box. In an extended
selection list box, add SHIFT to select additional items and add CTRL to
move to an item without selecting it. In an multiple selection list box,
moves without changing the selection.
Keys: Any printing character
Action: Moves to the next item matching the characters being typed. Use
BACKSPACE to change. In an multiple selection list box, moves to an item
without selecting it.
Keys: SPACE or CTRL+SPACE
Action: Selects or deselects the current item in an extended-selection
list box.
Keys: SHIFT+SPACE
Action: Extends the selection from the last selected item to the current
item in an extended selection list-box.
Keys: SHIFT+F8
Action: In extended selection list boxes, pressing SHIFT+F8 allows you to
move without changing the selection. You can then press CTRL+SPACE or
SHIFT+SPACE to select additional items. The list box returns to normal
operation when you press SHIFT+F8 a second time or switch to another
window or control.
Edit controls are rectangular boxes used for displaying or editing text.
See the following section for more information. Use TAB or the
appropriate access key to move the focus to the edit control and select
the text.
8. Text Navigation and Editing Keys
When you open a document window in a word processing (or similar)
program, a pointer appears in the upper-left corner of the window. The
text you enter will appear at the pointer. In insertion mode, the new
text is inserted into the existing text--the existing text is
automatically pushed back to follow the new text. In overwrite mode, the
new text overwrites the existing text. The following keys automatically
scroll the window to keep the pointer in view when it is necessary.
These keys also work in the text boxes of dialog boxes and list boxes.
Keys: INSERT
Action: Toggles between overtype and insertion modes. (Edit controls
only support insert mode.)
Keys: ARROW KEY
Action: Moves the pointer one character in the direction of the ARROW
KEY. If there is selected text, moves the pointer to the end of the
selection and deselects the text.
Keys: HOME OR END
Action: Moves the pointer to the beginning or end of the current line.
Keys: PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN
Action: Moves the pointer up or down one screen or to the first or last
line.
Keys: CTRL+RIGHT or CTRL+LEFT
Action: Moves the pointer to the beginning of the next or previous word.
Keys: CTRL+UP or CTRL+DOWN
Action: Moves the pointer to the beginning of the preceding or next
paragraph. (Not supported in edit controls.)
Keys: CTRL+HOME OR CTRL+END
Action: Moves the pointer to the beginning or the end of the document.
(Not supported in edit controls.)
Press SHIFT with the above text navigation keys to select blocks of text
for editing. For example, press SHIFT+END to select text from the pointer
to the end of the line. SHIFT toggles, in other words you can also use
SHIFT+the above navigation keys to both select and deselect text.
Keys: DELETE
Action: Deletes the next character or the selected text.
Keys: BACKSPACE
Action: Deletes the previous character or the selected text.
Keys: ALT+BACKSPACE or CTRL+Z
Action: Undoes the last action.
Keys: CTRL+INSERT or CTRL+C
Action: Copies selected text to clipboard.
Keys: SHIFT+DELETE or CTRL+X
Action: Cuts the selected text to the clipboard.
Keys: SHIFT+INSERT or CTRL+V
Action: Pastes copied text from clipboard.
9. Accessibility Keys
Use the Control Panel to turn on these keys for both Microsoft Windows
95 and Microsoft Windows NT 4.0. Under previous versions of Windows,
Windows NT and MS-DOS the Accessibility features were not on the system
until the Access Pack has been installed. Once Access Pack is installed,
the hot keys are on by default. These features are not available on
Windows NT 3.1.
Keys: Five taps on SHIFT
Action: Toggles the StickyKeys feature on and off. Use StickyKeys if you
want to use the SHIFT, CONTROL, or ALT keys one key at a time in
combination with other keys.
Keys: Left ALT+Left SHIFT+NUM LOCK
Action: Toggles the MouseKeys feature on and off. Use MouseKeys if you
want to control the mouse pointer with the numeric keypad.
Keys: Hold NUM LOCK for 5 seconds
Action: Toggles the ToggleKeys feature on and off. Use ToggleKeys if you
want to hear tones when pressing CAPS LOCK, NUM LOCK and SCROLL LOCK.
Keys: Hold Right SHIFT for 8 seconds
Action: Three beeps followed by a sliding beep signals eight seconds.
Toggles the FilterKeys features (SlowKeys, BounceKeys and RepeatKeys) on
and off. Use FilterKeys if you want Windows to ignore brief or repeated
keystrokes or to slow the repeat rate. SlowKeys ignores keys that are
pressed accidentally or for a short time. BounceKeys ignores keys that
are pressed more than once too quickly. RepeatKeys adjusts or disables
the keyboard repeat rate.
Keys: Hold Right SHIFT for 12 seconds
Action: Three beeps followed by a sliding beep followed by a double beep
signals twelve seconds. Turns on the BounceKeys feature with the most
conservative settings.
Keys: Hold Right SHIFT for 16 seconds
Action: Three beeps followed by a sliding beep followed by a double beep
followed by a triple beep signals sixteen seconds. Turns the SlowKeys
feature on with the most conservative settings.
Keys: Left ALT+Left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN
Action: In Microsoft Windows 95, toggles the High Contrast Mode feature
on and off. Use this option if you want Windows to display colors and
fonts designed for easy reading.
In Microsoft Windows NT 4.0, use Control Panel to select from several
High Contrast schemes in the Appearance page under the Display option.
10. Shortcut Keys for Applications or Documents
Shortcuts provide easy access to the documents and programs you use most
often. You can put shortcuts to any program or document on your desktop
or on your Start menu and give them shortcut keys. Typing a shortcut key
at any time will switch to the application or document, or start it if
it is not already running.
The items on your Start menu are shortcuts and you can assign them
shortcut keys. The Start menu is also a convenient place to put
shortcuts you create.
To create a shortcut and place it in the Start menu:
Action: Press CTRL+ESC.
Result: The Start menu appears.
Action: Choose Programs from the Start menu.
Result: The Programs menu opens.
Action: Choose Windows Explorer from the Programs menu.
Result: The Windows Explorer opens with the contents of 'Start Menu' in
the Contents pane on the right.
Action: Press F6 and ARROW KEYS.
Result: Use F6 to switch panes and the ARROW KEYS to navigate to the
program or document to which you are assigning a shortcut.
Action: Press CTRL+C.
Result: Copies the selected item to the clipboard.
Action: Press CTRL+ESC.
Result: The Start menu appears again.
Action: Press ESC.
Result: The keyboard focus moves to the Start button on the taskbar.
Action: Press SHIFT+F10.
Result: The shortcut menu for the Start button appears.
Action: Press E.
Result: Chooses the Explore command. A second copy of Windows Explorer
opens with the contents of 'Start Menu' in the Contents pane on the
right. The keyboard focus is on the first item in the pane.
Action: Press ALT+E.
Result: The Edit menu opens.
Action: Press S.
Result: Chooses the Paste Shortcut command. The new shortcut icon
appears at the end of the list of icons in the Contents of "Start Menu"
pane.
Action: Choose Close from the File menu.
Result: Closes the second copy of the Windows Explorer. Repeat to close
the first copy.
You can also place shortcuts on the desktop through the Windows
Explorer.
To assign a shortcut key to a shortcut:
Action: Select the shortcut on the desktop or in the Windows Explorer.
Result: You can assign shortcut keys only to shortcuts on the Desktop or
in the Start menu. (To assign shortcut keys to shortcuts on he Start
menu you will need to go through Explorer.)
Action: Press ALT+ENTER.
Result: Displays the Properties tabbed page.
Action: Press CTRL+TAB.
Result: Chooses the Shortcut page tab.
Action: Press ALT+K or TAB.
Result: Chooses the Shortcut Key edit box.
Action: Press any key combination.
Result: Enter your shortcut and it will appear in the edit box. Shortcut
keys must include CTRL or ALT, or both, and one other key. For example,
CTRL+SHIFT+Y. You cannot use ESC, ENTER, TAB, SPACEBAR, PRINT SCREEN,
or
BACKSPACE. Be careful, because no other program will be able to use this
key combination while it is defined as a shortcut key. Press BACKSPACE to
delete an existing shortcut keyor change your entry in the text box.
Action: Press ENTER.
Result: Chooses the OK button. Press ESC to cancel.
By Maryanne K. Snyder and Gregory C. Lowney. Last modified October 16,
1996.
Copyright (C) 1996 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Microsoft, Windows, Windows 95, Windows NT, and MS-DOS are trademarks or
registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
The information contained in this document represents the current view
of Microsoft Corporation on the issues discussed as of the date of
publication. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market
conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part
of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any
information presented after the date of publication.
This document is for informational purposes only. MICROSOFT MAKES NO
WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IN THIS DOCUMENT.
A Free Graphic Design Program That Could Equal Photoshop?
A Free Graphic Design Program That Could Equal Photoshop?
I've used the gimp a fair bit and like it, personally I prefer photoshop... but if you want to go the free route the gimp is the only real contender. I think you can eventually do almost everything in the gimp that you can in photoshop, it just seems that alot of things are more convoluted in the gimp then in photoshop.
I guess well, I'll try out GIMP and see if it works out. It seems that no one has mentioned another program besides what I've listed so I'm keeping in mind the fact that the best are only these few. 
PHOTOSHOP TUTORIAL
Adobe Photoshop
- a book by Michael Karbo.
This work is protected by copyright. It has been published in many European countries but never in English language. Therefore I desided to upload it to the Internet. It is free to use as it is for personal, non-commercial use. All rights belong to Michael Karbo. You may not in any way copy the contents.
These web pages have been produced from a Microsoft Word file. Hence the design, which could be a lot better. The translation is not perfect, neither. You'll have to live with it as it is. However, you can learn to use Photoshop, going through my exercises, thousands have already done so.
Photoshop Shortcut Key Chart for Windows
Photoshop Shortcut Key Chart for Windows
One of Photoshop's key features is that almost everything in it can be controlled using keyboard shortcuts. This allows the user to stay in a creative thought pattern and quickly change tools in monotonous work that requires it.
| Main Toolbar | |||
| Key | Action | Action | Key |
| m | Marquee Tool  |  Move Tool | v |
| l | Lasso Tool  |  Magic Wand Tool | w |
| j | Airbrush Tool  |  Paintbrush Tool | b |
| s | Rubber Stamp Tool  |  History Brush Tool | y |
| e | Eraser Tool  |  Pencil Tool | n |
| r | Blur Tool  |  Dodge Tool | o |
| p | Pen Tool  |  Type Tool | t |
| u | Measure Tool  |  Linear Gradient Tool | g |
| k | Paint Bucket Tool  |  Eyedropper Tool | i |
| h | Hand Tool  |  Zoom Tool | z |
| d | Default foreground and background colors. | ||
| x | Switches between foreground and background colors. | ||
| q | Switches between standard mode or quick mask mode. | ||
| f | Switches between screen modes. | ||
| TAB | Hides/Unhides open tools. | ||
| File Menu | |||
| Key | Action | ||
| CTRL + N | New | ||
| CTRL + O | Open | ||
| CTRL + ALT + O | Open As | ||
| CTRL + W | Close | ||
| CTRL + S | Save | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + S | Save As | ||
| CTRL + ALT + S | Save a Copy | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + P | Page Setup | ||
| CTRL + P | |||
| CTRL + K | Preferences > General | ||
| Edit Menu | |||
| Key | Action | ||
| CTRL + Z | Undo | ||
| CTRL + X | Cut | ||
| CTRL + C | Copy | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + C | Copy Merged | ||
| CTRL + V | Paste | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + V | Paste Into | ||
| CTRL + T | Free Transform | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + T | Transform > Again | ||
| Image Menu | |||
| Key | Action | ||
| CTRL + L | Adjust > Levels | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + L | Adjust > Auto Levels | ||
| CTRL + ALT + SHIFT + L | Adjust > Auto Contrast | ||
| CTRL + M | Adjust > Curves | ||
| CTRL + B | Adjust > Color Balance | ||
| CTRL + U | Adjust > Hue/Saturation | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + U | Adjust > Desaturate | ||
| CTRL + I | Adjust > Invert | ||
| CTRL + ALT + X | Extract | ||
| Layer Menu | |||
| Key | Action | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + N | New > Layer | ||
| CTRL + J | New > Layer Via Copy | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + J | New > Layer Via Cut | ||
| CTRL + G | Group with Previous | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + G | Ungroup | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + ] | Arrange > Bring to Front | ||
| CTRL + ] | Arrange > Bring Forward | ||
| CTRL + [ | Arrange > Send Backward | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + [ | Arrange > Send to Back | ||
| CTRL + E | Merge Down | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + E | Merge Visible | ||
| Select Menu | |||
| Key | Action | ||
| CTRL + A | All | ||
| CTRL + D | Deselect | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + D | Reselect | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + I | Inverse | ||
| CTRL + ALT + D | Feather | ||
| Filter Menu | |||
| Key | Action | ||
| CTRL + F | Last Filter | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + F | Fade | ||
| View Menu | |||
| Key | Action | ||
| CTRL + Y | Preview > CMYK | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + Y | Gamut Warning | ||
| CTRL + + | Zoom In | ||
| CTRL + - | Zoom Out | ||
| CTRL + 0 | Fit on Screen | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + 0 | Actual Pixels | ||
| CTRL + H | Hide Edges | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + H | Hide Path | ||
| CTRL + R | Show Rulers | ||
| CTRL + ; | Hide Guides | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + ; | Snap To Guides | ||
| CTRL + ALT + ; | Lock Guides | ||
| CTRL + " | Show Grid | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + " | Snap To Grid | ||
| Help Menu | |||
| Key | Action | ||
| F1 | Contents | ||
| Other Shortcuts | |||
| Key | Action | ||
| Page Up/Down | Move view up/down 1 screen. | ||
| SHIFT + Page Up/Down | Nudge view up/down. | ||
| CTRL + Page Up/Down | Move view left/right 1 screen. | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + Page Up/Down | Nudge screen left/right. | ||
| CTRL + SHIFT + Z | Previous History entry. | ||
| CTRL + ALT + Z | Next History entry. | ||
| SHIFT + - | Previous blending mode. | ||
| SHIFT + + | Next blending mode. | ||
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